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Brief Scholar Team Descriptions

2004 - 2005 Academic Year



Power ACE Scholar Team

Advisor: Sung Kwan Joo, Ph.D.

What is Power ACE?

A Power ACE is an expert in the field of Power system Analysis, Computation, and Economics. If this is the kind of engineer you want to become, then join one of the following multi-disciplinary research groups.

Power IT Group

RFID Technologies and Its Applications to Power Systems

Team Size: 1 Grad, 1~2 Junior & Senior, 1~2 Freshman & Sophomore (Total: 3~5)

You will explore Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies and its applications to power systems. The integration of RFID technologies into power systems can provide system-level management strategies for power system equipment monitoring and condition-based maintenance.

Power Econ Group

Economic Analysis of Multiple Electricity Markets

Team Size: 1 Grad, 1~2 Junior & Senior, 1~2 Freshman & Sophomore (Total: 3~5)

The goal of this project is to analyze the effect of electricity market rules on energy trading between regions. Different inter-regional coordination of market rules will be compared for the purpose of social cost and benefit analysis of overall markets. Finally, you will explore how different inter-regional coordination of market rules influences the strategic behaviors of the market participants and the market equilibrium of an individual market in interconnected grids with multiple markets.



Brain-Computer Interface Group: EEG Analysis and Classification

Advisor: Dr. Mark Schroeder

Approximate Team Size: 2 Grads, 3-4 Jr. & Sr., 3-4 Fr. & Soph. (Total: 8-10)

You will be part of a team that aims to enhance the quality of life of disabled individuals by improving the capabilities of brain-computer interface systems. The initial thrust will be to investigate and apply signal analysis techniques and classification methods to brainwave data in an attempt to improve a user's ability to control a device using only thought. Biosignal analysis and classification methods will include both linear and nonlinear processes. In addition to being exposed to a lab environment conducive to peer-to-peer learning, you will learn about data acquisition and analysis methods using tools such as MATLAB and LabVIEW



Discovery

Advisor: David Rogers, Ph.D.

Approximate Team Size: Open

This scholar team will serve new or continuing students who haven't decided on a specialization, but would like to participate in a scholar team which might eventually choose a focus area, perhaps from one of the projects listed below. At that time the student can choose to continue or to move on to another team.

  1. Develop a set of video and Web presentations that describe the function and use of each of the major pieces of lab equipment that are available for use by students in ECE. Start with a simple voltmeter, progress the oscilloscope, and finally add equipment like microwave network analyzers. Students would develop the scripts and associated documents (PowerPoint?), develop professional video presentations, set up an editing suite on a PC, edit the videos, develop the Web site, and make the materials available on an open Web site
  2. Develop a remote astronomical viewing system. This system would use a small telescope with CCD camera. It would be remotely controllable by a person with a severe disability who only had a very slight hand movement capability. One mode of operation would allow the viewer to follow a celestial object in the sky automatically and superimpose this result on a background computer-generated star chart. The system would also be able to photograph celestial objects for subsequent viewing
  3. Develop a handbook of optical sources and detectors for both the visible and infrared region. This handbook and an associated kit of components would serve as resource for senior design students who need through-the-air and optical fiber links for communication or sensing as part of a project
  4. Develop a handbook of radio-frequency and ultrasonic sources and detectors. This handbook and an associated kit of components would serve as resource for senior design students who need through-the-air links for communication or sensing as part of a project
  5. Assemble/design a suite of open-software resources to serve the general design and analysis needs of the engineer working in one of the following areas
    1. optical engineering
    2. optical communications
    3. microwave engineering
    4. radio wave propagation
  6. Following FCC regulations, develop a linear amplifier for communications with 50- to 100-Watt output for one of the following frequency ranges
    1. 1-30 MHz
    2. 40-60 MHz
    3. 100-200 MHz
    4. 400-500 MHz
  7. Develop a low-noise RF or microwave amplifier/converter as a first step in developing a radio astronomy observatory.
  8. In the past 40 years there has been a continuing controversy about the nature and application of the fundamental equations of Maxwell used in electromagnetics. In this project you will survey the literature and develop a report presenting the most serious of these problems and what you recommend be done to resolve these issues.


Video Streaming of Technical Seminars (VSTS)

Advisor: Prof. Val G. Tareski

Approximate Team Size: 10 with a uniform distribution of freshmen to graduate students

This team will develop and implement the protocols necessary to capture ECE technical presentations so that they can be later viewed from the department's web site. This team will also work to improve the overall look and feel of the ECE Department web site.

Team members will work with internet protocols for video streaming and will develop processes to capture the significant portions (video, audio, graphics) of ECE technical presentations so that they can be stored in a standard form (to be determined) and subsequently viewed over the internet.



A Tale of Directory Services: A Comparison

Advisor: Prof. Val G. Tareski

Approximate Team Size: 10 with a uniform distribution of freshmen to graduate students

Major competing products provide for computer network directory services; for example, Microsoft ADS, Novell (legacy) NDS, and NDS e-directory. This project examines each of these services in the NDSU CEA networking environment, in an attempt to measure and document the features of each product in an actual academic setting.



Elastance Catheter Scholar Team

Advisor: Dr. Dan Ewert

Approximate Team Size: 10

This team will work on developing an instrument to measure the elastance, ie "stiffness" of a heart, or heart model. While a heart contracts, the strength of the heart, and its stiffness, vary over time. To adequately model the heart with computer simulations, the characteristics of the heart must be determined.

Based on prior muscle work, a model was created using three different elements, one resistance, and two elastic. To create a simulation using this model, the three characteristics must be determined, and one way is by direct measurement using this new instrument.

The team will start by researching different methods of prior measurements and simulation, work on a computer simulation to predict the actual and measured results when using the new instrument, and incorporate previously collected data to generate predictions as to how a heart reacts to the instrument. Research into viable heart models and equipment will be done to create a platform from which to measure true elastance and compare that to the instrumentation results.

Additionally, a prototype unit was built last year, and work will continue on making the device to collect preliminary data with a heart model. The senior design portion of the team will also submit a proposal to NASA to compete to fly on the KC135 Parabolic Flights. This will involve creating a system to control the instrumentation, mount and support a heart model, and collect and analyze data from the experiment.



Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) Impedance Control

Advisors: Dr. Dan Ewert and Dr. Jacob Glower

Desired Team Size: 20, composed of 4 grads, 8 junior & seniors, 8 freshmen & soph.

Target: University of Louisville

This scholar team will focus on trying to control the impedance of a DC servo motor. Impedance for a motor can be thought of as the motor behaving like a spring / friction / inertia system. Conceptually, given the 'correct' control law, the motor can be made to behave like an arbitrary mass & spring system (i.e. with an arbitrary impedance.) This is not the typical control problem, however, which seeks to control a position, voltage, or current. As a result, this scholar team will focus on both theoretical and hardware implementation of an impedance controller. This device will be used to develop a prototype of a new ventricular assist device in cooperation with the University of Louisville.



Autonomous Vehicle

Advisor: Dr. Jacob Glower

Desired Team Size: 10, composed of 2 grads, 4 junior & seniors, 4 freshmen & soph.

Target: Phoenix International

Autonomous vehicles are receiving considerable attention - ranging from remote controlled surveillance cars for SWAT teams to mechanical 'horses' for the army, where the vehicle performs the same functions a horse did in the 1600's to 1800's for the army.

Initially, this project will focus on developing a small, versatile, capable, and inexpensive remote controlled vehicle to serve as a development platform for future research. Follow on projects will use this platform to test ideas and algorithms for self-forming networks, distributed sensing, distributed control, etc.



Disposable Sensor Systems

Advisor: Dr. Jacob Glower

Desired Team Size: 10, composed of 2 grads, 4 junior & seniors, 4 freshmen & soph.

Target: Soil Sciences, Food Monitoring

Crops can be damaged by fungus, insects, frost, drought, etc. If you could monitor the conditions at the crops, a farmer could take preventive action, such as spraying an herbicide, before the danger damages a significant amount of his/her crop.

In this project, small, inexpensive, disposable wireless sensor systems are to be developed for crop models and crop studies.



Digital Signal Processing Scholar Team

Advisor: Dr. Roger Green

Desired Team Size: 10

Digital signal processors (DSPs) and digital signal processing (also called DSP) techniques are found in a wide variety of products including MP3 players, digital audio equipment, HDTV technologies, PC graphics cards, cell phones, medical imaging devices, and others. Essentially, a DSP chip is a high-performance computer chip capable of implementing the DSP algorithms that make these products work. For those without DSP experience, the sophistication of DSP makes system design and implementation somewhat intimidating.

DSP scholar group activities will concentrate on becoming acquainted with DSP, particularly DSP hardware. Team members will have opportunities to investigate a specific DSP processor, design a basic stand-alone DSP system, layout printed circuit boards to implement the DSP system, and program the DSP system to accomplish various signal processing tasks. Activities will concentrate on team-selected real-world applications reflective of team member interests. By participating in the DSP scholar team, you should gain comfort with DSP, acquire skills and experience sought by employers, be better prepared to tackle DSP-related projects for senior design or thesis work, and hopefully have fun!

While a primary focus of the DSP scholar group is to understand and develop a DSP system in hardware, the group will also periodically meet with other signal processing scholar groups to exchange ideas and share information. Additionally, the DSP scholar group will serve as resource to assist other scholar teams with DSP-related topics.



Power Conversion for Renewable Energy Sources

Advisor: Dr. S. Yuvarajan

Desired Team Size: 10, freshmen to graduate students

Environmental factors and oil crisis have led to increased interest in renewable energy sources like solar panels, and fuel cells. Power Lab has prototypes of solar panels and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells and research is being conducted in these areas. The scholar-team project is:

  1. To study the characteristics of Photovoltaic (PV) panels and PEM fuel cells available in the Power Lab. Both analytical methods and simulation tools will be used in the study. The students will have hands-on experience working with the solar panels and fuel cell.
  2. To develop, design, and build power converters for interfacing the energy source and common loads. Team members will have an opportunity to develop electronic circuits that will be used in the control and conversion of power from renewable energy sources.


Cryptography

Advisor: Dr. Raj Katti

Desired Team Size: 5

Learn how to send secret messages from one computer to another. Members of the team will figure out how encryption/decryption algorithms work. They will also learn how e-commerce and banking rely on digital signatures for achieving authentication. Applications of cryptography include, IP protection, e-commerce, banking, and more. Come join us and learn more about this exciting new subject.



Time Reversal Signal Processing Scholar Team

Advisor: Dr. David Farden

Desired Team Size: 10, this work would benefit from all levels of student experience, freshman to graduate.

Time reversal signal processing techniques have been applied to undersea communications, lithotripsy (blasting kidney stones), and improving communications in severe multipath wireless networks, amongst other applications. In various communication systems, time-reversal signal processing is a method of obtaining measured data which is then used in various ways to improve system performance. It involves sending a signal over the channel in one direction, receiving and recording the signals at each sensor in a receiving array, then transmitting a time-reversed version of the received signals. Consider a multipath channel between one transmit and one receive sensor. The frequency response of this channel is frequency-selective, since different paths have different delays so that as the frequency is varied, alternating constructive and destructive interference from the different paths is observed. Now, with multiple receive sensors distributed over at least several wavelengths in space, the frequency response of each channel between a single transmit sensor and each receive sensor will be different. If there are enough paths (scatterers) and the array is large enough, then the time-reversed signals transmitted back through the array will result in a well focused field (in both time and space) at the single originating sensor. Modeling, simulations, experiments, hardware, and theory investigations will begin by studying acoustic signals in buildings. Imagine two people conducting an error-free conversation across a crowded noisy auditorium. Applications using ultrasonic waves, underwater acoustic waves, and radio waves are all possible.



Coincident Detection, Separation, and Localization

Advisor: Prof. Floyd M. Patterson

Desired Team Size: 10

Clustered impulse inputs which excite system functions are difficult to count and localize if only the system outputs can be monitored. This is true in both traditional one-dimensional time-dependent signals, and in two-dimensional spatial dependent signals such as images. This proposed activity will involve hardware design and assembly to test specific realizations, theoretical analysis to find analytical solutions, and computer programming for automated data collection and analysis. It therefore can utilize upper level undergraduates, graduate students, and lower level undergraduates. We will utilize knowledge from MATLAB and C++ programming calculus and linear algebra, signals and systems, probability, automated data acquisition, and some optics phenomena. The system function, linear or non-linear, tends to smear the very short duration (or space) impulses to a larger time (or space) domain and this combining of results is somewhat of an averaging phenomena. The system function can be modeled as a point spread function or an impulse response in linear system analysis. It is true that under assumptions of identical amplitude impulse inputs, known identical linear system functions, and addition of all system outputs to achieve an observable and overall signal, that the problem is simplified. Relaxation of these severe restrictions dramatically increases the analysis complexity. A feasibility demonstration is possible by designing hardware which attempts to accurately count small objects impacting a surface and can be done as an initial project with very little money. Imagine an experiment in which we try maintain hearing two identical audio clicks as the time interval between them becomes less, or identifying small optical light sources on the image plane, film or digital camera, as the lens is defocused or as the light spacing becomes small. The work that needs to be done is to conceive and implement ideas which can be modeled and built that are of the impulse input, system response, output signal type. The way the system incorporates closely spaced inputs to form outputs may be linear or non-linear, time varying or time invariant. We will look for clear commonality as well as significant independence of these responses in these various systems. Team members can design and assemble the physical object(s) to be tested, determine and connect the test equipment, program the equipment to gather data and analyze test results, and help form generalized concepts. Counting the number of closely spaced shots from a firearm and determining the number of near consecutive explosions in space are of obvious interest in forensic work and military analysis, and this class of problems appears to be applicable also in astronomy, in rapid automatic counting of small parts, emission of radioactive particles, impact grain loss monitors in harvesting equipment, and separation of action potentials of neurons thriving within a larger vital biomass.



Biophotonics

Advisor: Dr. Ivan T. Lima, Jr.

Desired Team Size: 13
The scholar team will preferably consist of six senior undergraduate students, which will carry out two independent senior design projects, two junior students, one freshman, one sophomore student, and three graduate students. The team members will be selected based on academic merit.

The goal of the Biophotonics Group is to carry out research projects, to develop devices and systems, and to organize educational activities in the fields of photonics applied to communications and to biology (biophotonics) and in the field of electrical bioengineering. The group members will prepare one or two fifteen minute presentations that will be presented during the weekly meetings. These presentations will address either well established topics already covered in textbooks or research topics in the fields of interest of the scholar team. Each member of the group should present at least one seminar per semester, which should be directly related to the educational and the scientific contributions that this member is pursuing. The senior undergraduate student members will be required to have their senior designs project carried out within the scholar team. The senior design student members will develop devices and systems that will enable research and educational activities within the scholar team. Therefore, the choice of the projects will be decided by the team coordinator. A report will be prepared at the end of each semester summarizing the contributions of each member of the team and the achievements of the scholar team.

The scholar team should use the Lab of Photonics and Bioengineering (EE 227) and the Lab of Biophotonics and Bioengineering (EE 225) exclusively for the activities related to the scholar team. Those activities do not include homework assignments and preparation for tests. This rule does not apply to undergraduate and graduate research assistants.



A Central Pattern Generator based approach for Quadruped Robot Locomotion Gaits

Advisor: Dr. Rajesh G. Kavasseri

Desired Team Size: 10

The creation of quadruped locomotory gaits is a challenging topic in robotic motion control. An interesting approach to this problem starts out by observing locomotion in animals. The legs of animals are among the finest coupled oscillators found in nature (try figuring out the pattern of limbs for a cheetah or giraffe in the rotary gallop mode where the hind legs appear in front of the front legs! - it's a miracle that the legs never get tangled up!). The oscillatory patterns such as walking, trotting, galloping (called `gaits') are generated by rhythmic movements produced by what is known as a Central Pattern Generator (CPG). CPGs are biological neuronal networks that can autonomously generate a pattern of neural activity that controls and co-ordinates the rhythmic movements of limbs. The simplicity, robustness, and ease by which CPGs generate rhythmic patterns that maintain inter-limb coordination make them attractive for studying problems in robot locomotion.

The activities envisaged for the scholar team are as follows.

What do you gain?

You will be exposed to a set of diverse topics and depending on your interest(s), the activities may help prepare you for a career in



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